The aim of this cross-sectional study was to describe the population and gender related variations of the somatotype, employing Heath and Carter’s method, in Kshatriya and Kurmi population residing in a rural region of Uttar Pradesh. The sample included 1008 adult Kshatriya (252 males and 252 females) and Kurmi (252 males and 252 females), belonging to the age group of 18-40 yrs. The population and gender differences were evaluated by one-way ANOVA. The results suggest that average body physique of Kshatriya males is Ectomorphic-Mesomorph (2.2 – 4.6 – 3.9) while that of Kshatriya females is Balanced mesomorph (2.5- 4.7- 2.1). Kurmi males are also Ectomorphic- Mesomorph (2.3 – 6.5 – 3.4) and Kurmi females are Balanced mesomorph (2.3 – 4.7 – 2.9). It means that, in general, both Kshatriya and Kurmi males have linear and muscular body physique whereas females are muscular in their body physique. The overall high mesomorphic ratings in both the populations can be attributed to the occupation of agriculture and factory work involving high physical activity